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Hewlett-Packard has found a buyer for its decades-old campus at 19091 Pruneridge Avenue in Cupertino.
Apple.
About five minutes' drive from Apple headquarters, the 98-acre parcel of land is adjacent to 50 acres Apple acquired back in 2006 and will be used to house a workforce that's expanding nearly as quickly as the market for iOS devices.
"We now occupy 57 buildings in Cupertino and our campus is bursting at the seams," Apple spokesman Steve Dowling told the Mercury News, which first reported the story. "These offices will give us more space for our employees as we continue to grow."
No word on HP's asking price for the parcel, but real estate experts estimate that it may have been $300 million or more.
Story Copyright (c) 2010 AllThingsD. All rights reserved.
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Friday, 26 November 2010
Thursday, 25 November 2010
When Is a Bubble Not a Bubble?
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The following article has been adapted from "Value: The Four Cornerstones of Corporate Finance" by McKinsey & Co.'s Tim Koller, Richard Dobbs and Bill Huyett. The publisher is John Wiley & Sons.
It's easy to construe all instances of sharply rising, then falling, stock prices as bubbles, but most of the time they're not.
True stock-price bubbles are essentially nonexistent at the level of the aggregate economy, very rare in specified industry sectors and not common for individual companies. The fact that they are so rare makes it all the more important for the value-minded executive to be able to spot them.
What, then, is a bubble? Bubbles occur when one group of investors irrationally pushes a stock price far above a level that can be justified by its potential financial performance, and other, often more sophisticated investors, aren't able to offset the actions of the less rational investors due to structural constraints and the liquidity risks of shorting stocks.
Financial crises are often described as bubbles, but they're not the same. Bubbles are the rise and fall of company share prices. An unlike debt, equities don't have maturity dates or covenants that can allow the holder to immediately demand cash from the company. Therefore, when bubbles burst, they don't have a drastic effect on the economy (unless they're accompanied by large amounts of debt).
Financial crises, on the other hand, do have a dramatic and far-reaching effect on the real economy, because they're brought about by excessive financial leverage, which has a negative domino effect when the value of the underlying assets falls and those who owe the debt can no longer service it. The debt crisis causes an economic downturn, which then causes the stock market to decline. But we can't call this a bubble if stock prices were reasonably valued in light of the economic conditions before the crisis.
A good example of a stock bubble was when 3Com(COMS_) spun off its Palm subsidiary 10 years ago. Immediately after the share sale, the market capitalization of Palm was $45 billion. At the same time, 3Com's market cap was only $28 billion, even though it owned 95% of Palm (presumably worth $41 billion). The only way that 3Com could be worth 60% of Palm would be if the rest of 3Com's businesses were worth negative $13 billion!
So why didn't rational investors exploit the mispricing by going short in Palm shares and long in 3Com shares? Because they couldn't. The free float of Palm shares was too small after the carve-out because 95% of all Palm's shares were still held by 3Com. Establishing a short position in Palm would have required borrowing the shares from a Palm shareholder, but there weren't many. Therefore, the bubble remained until the supply of shares available to borrow increased steadily over the months following the carve-out.
Bubbles that affect the broad market in developed economies are rare. Over the past 50 years in the U.S., two periods (1967-1972 and 1997-2001) might be considered market-wide bubbles. But as we dig deeper, we find that even these bubbles weren't broad based; they were concentrated in certain segments of the market.
During the technology bubble of the late 1990s, the aggregate S&P500 price-to-earnings ratio was greater than 30 times for several years versus an expected level of about 16 times (given the level of interest rates and inflation). Looking deeper, the bubble was concentrated in large-cap companies with high P/E ratios clustered in three sectors: technology, media, and telecommunications (known as TMT). P/E ratios were significantly lower in most other sectors.
One would expect rational investors to question the apparent mispricing -- and some did. Julian Robertson, one of the leading investors of the 1980s and 1990s, said: "Well, we've had a movement away from value investing to momentum investing, where price is not a factor ... everybody -- day traders, hedge fund operators, LBO people, right down the line -- is piling into the same stocks, which is, in effect, an inadvertent Ponzi scheme. And it will eventually blow up."
On the other hand, the media found commentators who could explain the high prices with new theories of economics and finance. One idea was the "new economy," although definitions of it were vague. But vagueness and hope drove herds of people into buying overpriced Internet stocks, so much so that those who questioned the new economy were said to "not get it." At this time, there weren't enough rational investors with the resources and risk appetite to prevent prices from rising too high.
Sector bubbles are more frequent than market-wide bubbles, but still rare. The biotechnology sector experienced a bubble between 2005 and 2006, when the sum of listed biotech companies' market capitalization was about $450 billion (excluding the traditional large pharmaceutical companies that were investing in biotech). Making some assumptions about future margins, one can estimate that these companies would need to earn $600 billion in revenues in 2025 (in 2006 dollars) to justify these prices. To put that into perspective, all the listed pharmaceutical companies combined earned about $600 billion of revenues in 2006.
Company-specific bubbles are hard to find too, and sometimes misnamed. Imagine a sharp share-price drop for a pharmaceutical company that announces its promising new drug has failed in clinical trials. The steep decline doesn't indicate that the price was originally at a bubble level; the original price might have reflected a reasonable estimate of the company's value given a reasonable estimate of the drug's probability for success.
Brinker International(EAT_), however, is an example of a company that experienced a bubble in the early 1990s. At that time, Brinker, which has 1,700 restaurants (including the Chili's chain) in 27 countries, increased its revenues by more than 20% per year, with improving margins. In 1993, its market capitalization reached $2.1 billion with a P/E ratio of greater than 40 times. But eventually same-store sales began to decline, and the market realized the company's economics were vulnerable. In 1994, Brinker's market cap dropped by 61% to a more reasonable P/E ratio in the high teens.
Although not common, the fact that bubbles do sometimes occur -- that is, prices do sometimes deviate from the fundamentals -- makes it even more important for corporate managers and investors to understand the true, intrinsic value of companies. They may be able to exploit any market deviations if and when they occur, for example, by using shares to pay for acquisitions when those shares are overvalued by the market. But more importantly, they will not make decisions based on what may be the unreasonably high price of their stocks, only to be surprised when those prices return to more normal levels, which they always do.
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The following article has been adapted from "Value: The Four Cornerstones of Corporate Finance" by McKinsey & Co.'s Tim Koller, Richard Dobbs and Bill Huyett. The publisher is John Wiley & Sons.
It's easy to construe all instances of sharply rising, then falling, stock prices as bubbles, but most of the time they're not.
True stock-price bubbles are essentially nonexistent at the level of the aggregate economy, very rare in specified industry sectors and not common for individual companies. The fact that they are so rare makes it all the more important for the value-minded executive to be able to spot them.
What, then, is a bubble? Bubbles occur when one group of investors irrationally pushes a stock price far above a level that can be justified by its potential financial performance, and other, often more sophisticated investors, aren't able to offset the actions of the less rational investors due to structural constraints and the liquidity risks of shorting stocks.
Financial crises are often described as bubbles, but they're not the same. Bubbles are the rise and fall of company share prices. An unlike debt, equities don't have maturity dates or covenants that can allow the holder to immediately demand cash from the company. Therefore, when bubbles burst, they don't have a drastic effect on the economy (unless they're accompanied by large amounts of debt).
Financial crises, on the other hand, do have a dramatic and far-reaching effect on the real economy, because they're brought about by excessive financial leverage, which has a negative domino effect when the value of the underlying assets falls and those who owe the debt can no longer service it. The debt crisis causes an economic downturn, which then causes the stock market to decline. But we can't call this a bubble if stock prices were reasonably valued in light of the economic conditions before the crisis.
A good example of a stock bubble was when 3Com(COMS_) spun off its Palm subsidiary 10 years ago. Immediately after the share sale, the market capitalization of Palm was $45 billion. At the same time, 3Com's market cap was only $28 billion, even though it owned 95% of Palm (presumably worth $41 billion). The only way that 3Com could be worth 60% of Palm would be if the rest of 3Com's businesses were worth negative $13 billion!
So why didn't rational investors exploit the mispricing by going short in Palm shares and long in 3Com shares? Because they couldn't. The free float of Palm shares was too small after the carve-out because 95% of all Palm's shares were still held by 3Com. Establishing a short position in Palm would have required borrowing the shares from a Palm shareholder, but there weren't many. Therefore, the bubble remained until the supply of shares available to borrow increased steadily over the months following the carve-out.
Bubbles that affect the broad market in developed economies are rare. Over the past 50 years in the U.S., two periods (1967-1972 and 1997-2001) might be considered market-wide bubbles. But as we dig deeper, we find that even these bubbles weren't broad based; they were concentrated in certain segments of the market.
During the technology bubble of the late 1990s, the aggregate S&P500 price-to-earnings ratio was greater than 30 times for several years versus an expected level of about 16 times (given the level of interest rates and inflation). Looking deeper, the bubble was concentrated in large-cap companies with high P/E ratios clustered in three sectors: technology, media, and telecommunications (known as TMT). P/E ratios were significantly lower in most other sectors.
One would expect rational investors to question the apparent mispricing -- and some did. Julian Robertson, one of the leading investors of the 1980s and 1990s, said: "Well, we've had a movement away from value investing to momentum investing, where price is not a factor ... everybody -- day traders, hedge fund operators, LBO people, right down the line -- is piling into the same stocks, which is, in effect, an inadvertent Ponzi scheme. And it will eventually blow up."
On the other hand, the media found commentators who could explain the high prices with new theories of economics and finance. One idea was the "new economy," although definitions of it were vague. But vagueness and hope drove herds of people into buying overpriced Internet stocks, so much so that those who questioned the new economy were said to "not get it." At this time, there weren't enough rational investors with the resources and risk appetite to prevent prices from rising too high.
Sector bubbles are more frequent than market-wide bubbles, but still rare. The biotechnology sector experienced a bubble between 2005 and 2006, when the sum of listed biotech companies' market capitalization was about $450 billion (excluding the traditional large pharmaceutical companies that were investing in biotech). Making some assumptions about future margins, one can estimate that these companies would need to earn $600 billion in revenues in 2025 (in 2006 dollars) to justify these prices. To put that into perspective, all the listed pharmaceutical companies combined earned about $600 billion of revenues in 2006.
Company-specific bubbles are hard to find too, and sometimes misnamed. Imagine a sharp share-price drop for a pharmaceutical company that announces its promising new drug has failed in clinical trials. The steep decline doesn't indicate that the price was originally at a bubble level; the original price might have reflected a reasonable estimate of the company's value given a reasonable estimate of the drug's probability for success.
Brinker International(EAT_), however, is an example of a company that experienced a bubble in the early 1990s. At that time, Brinker, which has 1,700 restaurants (including the Chili's chain) in 27 countries, increased its revenues by more than 20% per year, with improving margins. In 1993, its market capitalization reached $2.1 billion with a P/E ratio of greater than 40 times. But eventually same-store sales began to decline, and the market realized the company's economics were vulnerable. In 1994, Brinker's market cap dropped by 61% to a more reasonable P/E ratio in the high teens.
Although not common, the fact that bubbles do sometimes occur -- that is, prices do sometimes deviate from the fundamentals -- makes it even more important for corporate managers and investors to understand the true, intrinsic value of companies. They may be able to exploit any market deviations if and when they occur, for example, by using shares to pay for acquisitions when those shares are overvalued by the market. But more importantly, they will not make decisions based on what may be the unreasonably high price of their stocks, only to be surprised when those prices return to more normal levels, which they always do.
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Father of modern Penang, Dr. Lim Chong Eu, a truly towering leader dies
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Dr Lim, who will always be remembered as the father of modern Penang, died at his Tanjung Bungah home at 9.07pm surrounded by his family.
The former Penang chief minister was brought home at about 7pm from Penang Hospital, where he had been warded following a stroke about a month ago.
Dr Lim: Credited with implementing the Free Trade Zone and building the Komtar building and Penang Bridge.
Penang Chief Minister Lim Guan Eng said Dr Lim would be accorded a state funeral.
Dr Lim, 91, had led an intensely private life since retiring from politics after losing in Padang Kota to DAP’s Lim Kit Siang in the 1990 general election.
He made a clean and complete break from politics, declining to comment on issues, and turned to his passion, horse breeding.
Dr Lim, whose name was synonymous with Penang politics and its development from 1969 through the seventies and eighties, had not given a single interview since retiring.
A bold and high-thinking pioneer of his generation, he earned his place in history when the Gerakan party he co-founded snatched Penang from the Alliance in the 1969 general election.
But the pragmatist in him saw it fit to join the newly-constituted Barisan Nasional in 1973. The shrewd and strategic decision enabled him to power Penang from a struggling free port into a modern and developed state.
Besides implementing the Free Trade Zone, he built the Komtar building and Penang Bridge in the face of widespread opposition.
He can also claim the distinction of a political life quite untouched by scandal or corruption and resolutely refused a title until his retirement when he finally accepted a Tunship.
Dr Lim, who studied medicine in Scotland, leaves behind wife Toh Puan Goh Sing Yeng, sons Chien Aun and Chien Cheng, daughters Pao Yen and Pao Lin, grandchildren and great-grandchildren.
The man behind Penang’s economic transformation
GEORGE TOWN: Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu, 91, who served as Penang Chief Minister for 21 years, was a towering leader who presided over the remarkable economic transformation of the state.
He led a simple life despite a political career spanning 39 years, shunning awards and titles, and only accepting a Tunship after retirement from politics.
When he took over as Penang’s second chief minister in May 1969, the state was going through a difficult period after the withdrawal of its free port status, with unemployment rising to 16.4%.
He implemented the Free Trade Zone concept in Penang – the first state to do so – wooed foreign investments and built one of the largest electronics manufacturing bases in Asia, earning Penang the tag as Silicon Valley of the East.
A simple man: The late Tun Dr Lim with his wife Toh Puan Goh Sing Yeng attending a high tea reception in a recent photo. Dr Lim also presided over Batu Ferringhi’s transformation into a tourism belt, cleared pre-war houses to build the iconic 65-storey Komtar and built the Penang Bridge.
Born in Penang, Dr Lim attended Penang Free School. In 1937, he was a King’s scholar at Edinburgh University in Scotland and graduated in 1944 with a medical degree.
Formerly a medical officer with the Chinese Armed Forces, he founded the Radical Party in 1951 which won the first municipal council elections in George Town.
In 1954, he joined MCA and was a member of the Razak Commission for Education.
Despite defeating the late Tun Tan Cheng Lock for party presidency in 1958, he quit MCA a year later following differences with Umno over the allocation of parliamentary seats in the 1959 general election.
He formed the United Democratic Party in 1962 and co-founded Gerakan in 1968, which swept the Alliance ruling coalition out of office in the 1969 general election, leading to his appointment as Chief Minister.
However, in 1973, Gerakan, together with the Alliance Party, formed a coalition called Barisan Nasional.
In 1980, Dr Lim stepped down as party president, saying there were “many young and promising leaders in the party just as capable to hold the post”, and was succeeded by (Tun) Dr Lim Keng Yaik in 1980.
He continued as Chief Minister but retired after losing the Padang Kota state seat in the 1990 general election. He was succeeded by his former political secretary, Tan Sri Dr Koh Tsu Koon, as chief minister.
His message to the party then was to “always remember its roots and humble beginnings”.
After retiring from politics, he became a passionate horse breeder and turned his attention to business as chairman and adviser to several large corporations.
In 2007, he was named founding chancellor of Wawasan Open University in Penang.
Lim’s legacy will not be forgotten, especially by Penangites.
My greatest rememberance and honour to our heroes. A true hero of Penang.
He is Penangite's Bapa Pemodenan dan Kemajuan.
We owe him the respect and bereavements, as he is the true leaders that brought forth The Penang Bridge, FTZ, FIZ, Tanjung Bunga tourist belt, Komtar and modernity to Penang.
Truly a man of his class, he never bothered to bodek the UMNO president during his tenureship as CM of Penang.
It much regretted our dear fathers/mothers and elders voted him out during 1990. Yet, we will never forget your effort, your contribution and you Tun Lim, the son of Penang and also very the Father of Penang.
We wish your last journey into the next life be blessed and peaceful.
Goodbye sir.
MCA party president Datuk Seri Dr Chua Soi Lek described Dr Lim as one of the greatest Chinese leaders of the nation.
“His demise is a loss to the nation. Because of his visionary leadership, Penang became one of the earliest states to see rapid transformation.
“By setting up the Free Trade Zone, he successfully attracted a significant inflow of foreign direct investments,” he said.
In his tweet, DAP adviser Lim Kit Siang wrote:
“Penang and Malaysia have lost a great son. Though opponents in political electoral arena, I always have highest respect for Lim Chong Eu’s political struggles and integrity.”
Minister in the Prime Minister’s Department, Gerakan president and former Penang Chief Minister Tan Sri Dr Koh Tsu Koon said: “Malaysia, Penang and Gerakan have lost a great statesman and visionary. Tun Dr Lim was rightly the father of Industrialisation for Malaysia.”
Koh credited Dr Lim as one of the founding fathers of the nation, having participated actively in the drafting of the Federal Constitution.
“Gerakan members and I are very saddened to have lost our most respected founder,’’ he added.
Chief Minister Lim Guan Eng, who is away on a business trip to Hong Kong, extended the state government’s deepest condolences to Dr Lim’s family.
DAP chairman Karpal Singh said Dr Lim was a man who commanded respect and one who would be missed by the people of Penang.
“Although he was a serious-looking man, Dr Lim had a humorous side as well. He was able to counter an opponent in both the state legislative assembly and Parliament effectively.
“I will miss him personally and his demise is a great loss not only to Penang but to the country,” said the Bukit Gelugor MP. Women, Family and Community Development Minister Senator Datuk Seri Shahrizat Abdul Jalil fondly remembered Dr Lim for attending her wedding.
“God bless his soul. As a Penangite, I grew up under Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu. His legacy is enviable,” she tweeted yesterday.
Deputy International Trade and Industry Minister Datuk Mukhriz Mahathir tweeted that the former Gerakan president built Penang into what it is today.
Former Penang Deputy Chief Minister Datuk Seri Dr Ibrahim Saad tweeted that Dr Lim was his first boss after being elected into the Government, adding his former boss was a fantastic and visionary leader.
Related Stories:
The man behind Penang’s economic transformation
Chong Eu, the father of modern Penang, passes away peacefully at home
A saviour whose foresight led Penang out of the doldrums
INDUSTRIAL organisations in Penang have paid tribute to Tun Dr Lim Chong for spearheading the state’s industrialisation.
Malaysian American electronics Industry (MAEI) chairman Datuk Wong Siew Hai described Dr Lim as Penang’s saviour when the state was going through hard times after losing its free port status.
“As the Chinese saying goes, in every crisis there is an opportunity.
“Dr Lim saw the opportunity and seized it and started the transformation of the state.
“He led his team overseas to attract investment and was successful with the first eight companies namely AMD, Hewlett Packard (now Agilent Technology), Clarion, National Semiconductor (now Fairchild Semiconductor), Hitachi Semiconductor (now Renesas Semiconductor), Intel Malaysia, Osram Opto Semiconductor and Robert Bosch.
“His transformation programme also led to the creation of new townships like Bayan Baru and Seberang Jaya,” he said.
The committee members of the Free Industrial Zone Penang Companies Association (Frepenca) praised Lim for developing the electronics industry to resolve the unemployment rate in Penang in the early 1970s.
It credited Lim for working closely with the Federal Government to create two zones in Penang under the Free Trade Zone Act, 1971.
In a statement, a Frepenca spokesman said Dr Lim worked tirelessly to invite foreign companies to set up plants in Penang.
Meanwhile, the Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers Penang (FMM) credited Lim with the success of Penang’s various industries, especially manufacturing.
Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers northern branch region chairman Datuk O K Lee said Dr Lim courageously pioneered the transformation of Penang from an entreport and agro-based island state into a globally renowned manufacturing hub in the Far East, particularly in the field of electrical and electronics.
Penangites sing praises of Dr Lim
THE ordinary Penangite may not have known Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu but his passing still managed to evoke in them a sense of sadness and loss.
Pharmacist Cheryl Lim, 23, who had just returned to Penang after studying in Melbourne, said Dr Lim’s death was a great loss to Penang as he had done a lot for Penangites.
Supply chain director G.S. Khoo, 48, said Dr Lim was a man of great vision and Penang has become what it is today because of him.
He said Dr Lim had contributed greatly to the state’s economy, including setting up the Bayan Lepas Free Trade Zone.
“Although I was not born a Penangite, I have been living here for the past 20 years and now have a job with a multi-national corporation,” he said of the impact Dr Lim had on his life.
“I have seen him before at functions after his retirement from politics but we have never spoken. It would have been wonderful to have talked to him and to know his thoughts,” he added.
Factory administrators Anisha Banu, 33, and Munira Halili, 30, thanked Dr Lim for his contributions to Penang.
“If not for him, we may not even be employed today. His death is a great loss to all Penangites,” said Munira.
“We appreciate great leaders like Tun who helped to develop our nation. We have lost a great thinker. Our condolences to his family and we hope he will rest in peace,” said Anisha.
Housewife Rosa Wong, 45, said Dr Lim had set a good moral example for the younger generation.
Her son, student Louis Phuah, 19, said current and future generations of politicians have much to learn from Dr Lim.
Sales consultant Leow Guan Hai, 55, who had helped out during the election campaigns of Dr Lim and his son Chien Aun in the past, described Dr Lim as a great leader and a nice man.
“Tun was respected by people of all races. He contributed greatly to Penang, and we have him to thank for the existence of Komtar, Penang Bridge and the Free Trade Zone, which created a lot of jobs for the people of Penang and helped Penang to develop fast,” he said.
Lawyers See Liang Teik, 42, and Ramsun Ho, 43, said they were fortunate to have known Dr Lim as committee members of both the Old Frees Association (OFA) and the Penang Swimming Club (PSC) where Dr Lim was a trustee of both and also patron of OFA.
Ho described Dr Lim’s demise as the passing of an era and noted that he should be admired for his steadfastness in not getting involved in politics after his retirement.
See said Dr Lim was a wise man, a true statesman and a gentleman.
“He was a visionary and always had new ideas even at 90. Even though we did not really know him that well, we have fond memories of Tun from the short time we knew him over the past few years,” he said.
Chong Eu had courage to make changes
AS a Penang-born Malaysian, I feel very sad over the departure of Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu, a former chief minister of Penang. Dr Lim was one of our most outstanding leaders who did not talk very much but worked very hard for the industrialisation of our country.
He showed his unparalleled far-sightedness as a political leader.
After the Gerakan wrested power in Penang in 1969, he travelled overseas to invite foreign investors to set up electronic factories in Penang.
The electronic factories gave Penang a new lease on life when it lost its free port status. The free trade zone provided ample job opportunities for the people. The setting up of these factories also contributed much to the growth of downstream industries in the country. Apart from that, we also benefited in terms of transfer of technology.
I was one of those who benefited from the industrialisation programme initiated by Dr Lim. In the 1980s, chances for young people to further their tertiary education were scarce. However, those who worked in the multinational electronic factories in Penang were given ample opportunities to upgrade their skills and education.
While working in National Semiconductor, I took a City and Guild diploma course in electronic engineering conducted by the company and after graduation, was given the opportunity to go to Japan for special technical skill training under an AOTS (Association for Technical Overseas Scholarship) scholarship.
I will always remember Dr Lim, not only as the Father of Industrialisation of Penang, but also as the person who played an important role in fostering the early “open university” programme in Malaysia.
I only met him once but I was very impressed by his words.
He believed that industrialisation was very important to our country because of its multiplying effects. For instance, a factory of 1,000 workers would create another 6,000 additional job opportunities because the new factory would create demand for food, housing, clothing, education and entertainment.
One important thing that we can learn from him is that courage is a dominating factor in initiating changes. Dr Lim also displayed his wisdom as a political leader by joining the Barisan National because he knew the importance of unity and stability in fostering economic development.
GOH HOE HOE,Kuala Lumpur.
I was a young patient of Tun until his entry into full-time politics. During that time I had never heard any child scream on being injected or vaccinated. Dr Lim was always able to do it with almost no pain being felt.
His elderly patients had nothing but praise for him. Dr Lim was true to the Hippocratic Oath, never turning away his patients even when they appeared at his house on weekends.
A highly respected political figure, he was a professional the whole nine yards. His weekly interviews and press statements were all related to current topics.
As a freelance journalist, I had never heard Dr Lim speak out of turn in spite of his stature in society, and he always respected others.
He had the ability to make his audience listen to him.
One can imagine the challenges that he had to face as a Penang leader, particularly with regards to funding. Being a small state meant that there was never enough revenue to fund the running of the state.
The Free Trade Zone, his brainchild, brought in the industrialists and saw the state’s revenue growing.
Despite various constraints, he was firm and decisive in what he wanted in the interest of Penang and managed to get Federal funds for the Penang Bridge – the third longest in the world when it was completed – and the 60-storey Komtar complex-cum-state government operations centre.
Dr Lim was also responsible for much of the state’s infrastructure, especially the road network; for turning the airport into an international passenger and cargo hub and upgrading the port to service the logistics needs of the high-tech industries operating out of Penang.
True to the professional that he was, Dr Lim took to his retirement without making regular or even periodical press statements and refrained from political comments on his successors or peers.
He delivered his best during his tenure and he allowed his successors and peers the same space he received from his constituents and coalition partners.
Anyone who had had the opportunity to meet and speak with Dr Lim was always awed by his ability to remember faces and names.
I had occasionally bumped into him and he always addressed me by name and asked about my father.
Dr Lim was never too elevated in status that he forgot the layman. He blended in always, spoke to all and sundry and was always approachable.
He did not accept any title offered to him throughout his tenure as the Chief Minister of Penang and only accepted the Tunship after his retirement.
We salute you Dr Lim for your clear vision for Penang and I am sure all Penangites and Malaysians join me in saluting you. We know much sacrifice had to be made in your quest to make Penang a great place for Penangites and for Malaysians and the millions of tourists and industrialists that have criss-crossed our prized island state.
CHEAH CHEONG TIAN, George Town.
Chong Eu, the father of modern Penang, passes away peacefully at home
Reports by CHRISTINA CHIN, TAN SIN CHOW, WINNIE YEOH, FONG KEE SOON and JOSEPHINE JALLEH
PETALING JAYA: Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu, a giant in Malaysian politics, died last night.Dr Lim, who will always be remembered as the father of modern Penang, died at his Tanjung Bungah home at 9.07pm surrounded by his family.
The former Penang chief minister was brought home at about 7pm from Penang Hospital, where he had been warded following a stroke about a month ago.
Dr Lim: Credited with implementing the Free Trade Zone and building the Komtar building and Penang Bridge.Dr Lim, 91, had led an intensely private life since retiring from politics after losing in Padang Kota to DAP’s Lim Kit Siang in the 1990 general election.
He made a clean and complete break from politics, declining to comment on issues, and turned to his passion, horse breeding.
Dr Lim, whose name was synonymous with Penang politics and its development from 1969 through the seventies and eighties, had not given a single interview since retiring.
A bold and high-thinking pioneer of his generation, he earned his place in history when the Gerakan party he co-founded snatched Penang from the Alliance in the 1969 general election.
But the pragmatist in him saw it fit to join the newly-constituted Barisan Nasional in 1973. The shrewd and strategic decision enabled him to power Penang from a struggling free port into a modern and developed state.
Besides implementing the Free Trade Zone, he built the Komtar building and Penang Bridge in the face of widespread opposition.
He can also claim the distinction of a political life quite untouched by scandal or corruption and resolutely refused a title until his retirement when he finally accepted a Tunship.
Dr Lim, who studied medicine in Scotland, leaves behind wife Toh Puan Goh Sing Yeng, sons Chien Aun and Chien Cheng, daughters Pao Yen and Pao Lin, grandchildren and great-grandchildren.
The man behind Penang’s economic transformation
GEORGE TOWN: Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu, 91, who served as Penang Chief Minister for 21 years, was a towering leader who presided over the remarkable economic transformation of the state.
He led a simple life despite a political career spanning 39 years, shunning awards and titles, and only accepting a Tunship after retirement from politics.
When he took over as Penang’s second chief minister in May 1969, the state was going through a difficult period after the withdrawal of its free port status, with unemployment rising to 16.4%.
He implemented the Free Trade Zone concept in Penang – the first state to do so – wooed foreign investments and built one of the largest electronics manufacturing bases in Asia, earning Penang the tag as Silicon Valley of the East.
A simple man: The late Tun Dr Lim with his wife Toh Puan Goh Sing Yeng attending a high tea reception in a recent photo.Born in Penang, Dr Lim attended Penang Free School. In 1937, he was a King’s scholar at Edinburgh University in Scotland and graduated in 1944 with a medical degree.
Formerly a medical officer with the Chinese Armed Forces, he founded the Radical Party in 1951 which won the first municipal council elections in George Town.
In 1954, he joined MCA and was a member of the Razak Commission for Education.
Despite defeating the late Tun Tan Cheng Lock for party presidency in 1958, he quit MCA a year later following differences with Umno over the allocation of parliamentary seats in the 1959 general election.
He formed the United Democratic Party in 1962 and co-founded Gerakan in 1968, which swept the Alliance ruling coalition out of office in the 1969 general election, leading to his appointment as Chief Minister.
However, in 1973, Gerakan, together with the Alliance Party, formed a coalition called Barisan Nasional.
In 1980, Dr Lim stepped down as party president, saying there were “many young and promising leaders in the party just as capable to hold the post”, and was succeeded by (Tun) Dr Lim Keng Yaik in 1980.
He continued as Chief Minister but retired after losing the Padang Kota state seat in the 1990 general election. He was succeeded by his former political secretary, Tan Sri Dr Koh Tsu Koon, as chief minister.
His message to the party then was to “always remember its roots and humble beginnings”.
After retiring from politics, he became a passionate horse breeder and turned his attention to business as chairman and adviser to several large corporations.
In 2007, he was named founding chancellor of Wawasan Open University in Penang.
Lim’s legacy will not be forgotten, especially by Penangites.
My greatest rememberance and honour to our heroes. A true hero of Penang.
He is Penangite's Bapa Pemodenan dan Kemajuan.
We owe him the respect and bereavements, as he is the true leaders that brought forth The Penang Bridge, FTZ, FIZ, Tanjung Bunga tourist belt, Komtar and modernity to Penang.
Truly a man of his class, he never bothered to bodek the UMNO president during his tenureship as CM of Penang.
It much regretted our dear fathers/mothers and elders voted him out during 1990. Yet, we will never forget your effort, your contribution and you Tun Lim, the son of Penang and also very the Father of Penang.
We wish your last journey into the next life be blessed and peaceful.
Goodbye sir.
Nation has lost a great statesman, say politicians
PETALING JAYA: The nation has lost a great leader with the demise of former Penang Chief Minister Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu, said many politicians.MCA party president Datuk Seri Dr Chua Soi Lek described Dr Lim as one of the greatest Chinese leaders of the nation.
“His demise is a loss to the nation. Because of his visionary leadership, Penang became one of the earliest states to see rapid transformation.
“By setting up the Free Trade Zone, he successfully attracted a significant inflow of foreign direct investments,” he said.
In his tweet, DAP adviser Lim Kit Siang wrote:
“Penang and Malaysia have lost a great son. Though opponents in political electoral arena, I always have highest respect for Lim Chong Eu’s political struggles and integrity.”
Minister in the Prime Minister’s Department, Gerakan president and former Penang Chief Minister Tan Sri Dr Koh Tsu Koon said: “Malaysia, Penang and Gerakan have lost a great statesman and visionary. Tun Dr Lim was rightly the father of Industrialisation for Malaysia.”
Koh credited Dr Lim as one of the founding fathers of the nation, having participated actively in the drafting of the Federal Constitution.
“Gerakan members and I are very saddened to have lost our most respected founder,’’ he added.
Chief Minister Lim Guan Eng, who is away on a business trip to Hong Kong, extended the state government’s deepest condolences to Dr Lim’s family.
DAP chairman Karpal Singh said Dr Lim was a man who commanded respect and one who would be missed by the people of Penang.
“Although he was a serious-looking man, Dr Lim had a humorous side as well. He was able to counter an opponent in both the state legislative assembly and Parliament effectively.
“I will miss him personally and his demise is a great loss not only to Penang but to the country,” said the Bukit Gelugor MP. Women, Family and Community Development Minister Senator Datuk Seri Shahrizat Abdul Jalil fondly remembered Dr Lim for attending her wedding.
“God bless his soul. As a Penangite, I grew up under Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu. His legacy is enviable,” she tweeted yesterday.
Deputy International Trade and Industry Minister Datuk Mukhriz Mahathir tweeted that the former Gerakan president built Penang into what it is today.
Former Penang Deputy Chief Minister Datuk Seri Dr Ibrahim Saad tweeted that Dr Lim was his first boss after being elected into the Government, adding his former boss was a fantastic and visionary leader.
Related Stories:
The man behind Penang’s economic transformation
Chong Eu, the father of modern Penang, passes away peacefully at home
A saviour whose foresight led Penang out of the doldrums
INDUSTRIAL organisations in Penang have paid tribute to Tun Dr Lim Chong for spearheading the state’s industrialisation.
Malaysian American electronics Industry (MAEI) chairman Datuk Wong Siew Hai described Dr Lim as Penang’s saviour when the state was going through hard times after losing its free port status.
“As the Chinese saying goes, in every crisis there is an opportunity.
“Dr Lim saw the opportunity and seized it and started the transformation of the state.
“He led his team overseas to attract investment and was successful with the first eight companies namely AMD, Hewlett Packard (now Agilent Technology), Clarion, National Semiconductor (now Fairchild Semiconductor), Hitachi Semiconductor (now Renesas Semiconductor), Intel Malaysia, Osram Opto Semiconductor and Robert Bosch.
“His transformation programme also led to the creation of new townships like Bayan Baru and Seberang Jaya,” he said.
The committee members of the Free Industrial Zone Penang Companies Association (Frepenca) praised Lim for developing the electronics industry to resolve the unemployment rate in Penang in the early 1970s.
It credited Lim for working closely with the Federal Government to create two zones in Penang under the Free Trade Zone Act, 1971.
In a statement, a Frepenca spokesman said Dr Lim worked tirelessly to invite foreign companies to set up plants in Penang.
Meanwhile, the Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers Penang (FMM) credited Lim with the success of Penang’s various industries, especially manufacturing.
Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers northern branch region chairman Datuk O K Lee said Dr Lim courageously pioneered the transformation of Penang from an entreport and agro-based island state into a globally renowned manufacturing hub in the Far East, particularly in the field of electrical and electronics.
THE ordinary Penangite may not have known Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu but his passing still managed to evoke in them a sense of sadness and loss.
Pharmacist Cheryl Lim, 23, who had just returned to Penang after studying in Melbourne, said Dr Lim’s death was a great loss to Penang as he had done a lot for Penangites.
Supply chain director G.S. Khoo, 48, said Dr Lim was a man of great vision and Penang has become what it is today because of him.
He said Dr Lim had contributed greatly to the state’s economy, including setting up the Bayan Lepas Free Trade Zone.
“Although I was not born a Penangite, I have been living here for the past 20 years and now have a job with a multi-national corporation,” he said of the impact Dr Lim had on his life.
“I have seen him before at functions after his retirement from politics but we have never spoken. It would have been wonderful to have talked to him and to know his thoughts,” he added.
Factory administrators Anisha Banu, 33, and Munira Halili, 30, thanked Dr Lim for his contributions to Penang.
“If not for him, we may not even be employed today. His death is a great loss to all Penangites,” said Munira.
“We appreciate great leaders like Tun who helped to develop our nation. We have lost a great thinker. Our condolences to his family and we hope he will rest in peace,” said Anisha.
Housewife Rosa Wong, 45, said Dr Lim had set a good moral example for the younger generation.
Her son, student Louis Phuah, 19, said current and future generations of politicians have much to learn from Dr Lim.
Sales consultant Leow Guan Hai, 55, who had helped out during the election campaigns of Dr Lim and his son Chien Aun in the past, described Dr Lim as a great leader and a nice man.
“Tun was respected by people of all races. He contributed greatly to Penang, and we have him to thank for the existence of Komtar, Penang Bridge and the Free Trade Zone, which created a lot of jobs for the people of Penang and helped Penang to develop fast,” he said.
Lawyers See Liang Teik, 42, and Ramsun Ho, 43, said they were fortunate to have known Dr Lim as committee members of both the Old Frees Association (OFA) and the Penang Swimming Club (PSC) where Dr Lim was a trustee of both and also patron of OFA.
Ho described Dr Lim’s demise as the passing of an era and noted that he should be admired for his steadfastness in not getting involved in politics after his retirement.
See said Dr Lim was a wise man, a true statesman and a gentleman.
“He was a visionary and always had new ideas even at 90. Even though we did not really know him that well, we have fond memories of Tun from the short time we knew him over the past few years,” he said.
Chong Eu had courage to make changes
AS a Penang-born Malaysian, I feel very sad over the departure of Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu, a former chief minister of Penang. Dr Lim was one of our most outstanding leaders who did not talk very much but worked very hard for the industrialisation of our country.
He showed his unparalleled far-sightedness as a political leader.
After the Gerakan wrested power in Penang in 1969, he travelled overseas to invite foreign investors to set up electronic factories in Penang.
The electronic factories gave Penang a new lease on life when it lost its free port status. The free trade zone provided ample job opportunities for the people. The setting up of these factories also contributed much to the growth of downstream industries in the country. Apart from that, we also benefited in terms of transfer of technology.
I was one of those who benefited from the industrialisation programme initiated by Dr Lim. In the 1980s, chances for young people to further their tertiary education were scarce. However, those who worked in the multinational electronic factories in Penang were given ample opportunities to upgrade their skills and education.
While working in National Semiconductor, I took a City and Guild diploma course in electronic engineering conducted by the company and after graduation, was given the opportunity to go to Japan for special technical skill training under an AOTS (Association for Technical Overseas Scholarship) scholarship.
I will always remember Dr Lim, not only as the Father of Industrialisation of Penang, but also as the person who played an important role in fostering the early “open university” programme in Malaysia.
I only met him once but I was very impressed by his words.
He believed that industrialisation was very important to our country because of its multiplying effects. For instance, a factory of 1,000 workers would create another 6,000 additional job opportunities because the new factory would create demand for food, housing, clothing, education and entertainment.
One important thing that we can learn from him is that courage is a dominating factor in initiating changes. Dr Lim also displayed his wisdom as a political leader by joining the Barisan National because he knew the importance of unity and stability in fostering economic development.
GOH HOE HOE,Kuala Lumpur.
Salute to a Malaysian legend
AS A medical doctor Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu was a wholesome fatherly figure who always managed to win the hearts of his younger patients.I was a young patient of Tun until his entry into full-time politics. During that time I had never heard any child scream on being injected or vaccinated. Dr Lim was always able to do it with almost no pain being felt.
His elderly patients had nothing but praise for him. Dr Lim was true to the Hippocratic Oath, never turning away his patients even when they appeared at his house on weekends.
A highly respected political figure, he was a professional the whole nine yards. His weekly interviews and press statements were all related to current topics.
As a freelance journalist, I had never heard Dr Lim speak out of turn in spite of his stature in society, and he always respected others.
He had the ability to make his audience listen to him.
One can imagine the challenges that he had to face as a Penang leader, particularly with regards to funding. Being a small state meant that there was never enough revenue to fund the running of the state.
The Free Trade Zone, his brainchild, brought in the industrialists and saw the state’s revenue growing.
Despite various constraints, he was firm and decisive in what he wanted in the interest of Penang and managed to get Federal funds for the Penang Bridge – the third longest in the world when it was completed – and the 60-storey Komtar complex-cum-state government operations centre.
Dr Lim was also responsible for much of the state’s infrastructure, especially the road network; for turning the airport into an international passenger and cargo hub and upgrading the port to service the logistics needs of the high-tech industries operating out of Penang.
True to the professional that he was, Dr Lim took to his retirement without making regular or even periodical press statements and refrained from political comments on his successors or peers.
He delivered his best during his tenure and he allowed his successors and peers the same space he received from his constituents and coalition partners.
Anyone who had had the opportunity to meet and speak with Dr Lim was always awed by his ability to remember faces and names.
I had occasionally bumped into him and he always addressed me by name and asked about my father.
Dr Lim was never too elevated in status that he forgot the layman. He blended in always, spoke to all and sundry and was always approachable.
He did not accept any title offered to him throughout his tenure as the Chief Minister of Penang and only accepted the Tunship after his retirement.
We salute you Dr Lim for your clear vision for Penang and I am sure all Penangites and Malaysians join me in saluting you. We know much sacrifice had to be made in your quest to make Penang a great place for Penangites and for Malaysians and the millions of tourists and industrialists that have criss-crossed our prized island state.
CHEAH CHEONG TIAN, George Town.
Wednesday, 24 November 2010
Tuesday, 23 November 2010
Emerging China speeding ahead
CERITALAH
By KARIM RASLAN
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Nation’s developing network of bullet trains is a reflection of the country’s remarkable transformation and the growing technological prowess built on strong historical and cultural foundations.
I WAS in China a few weeks ago. As it happened, I needed to travel from Hangzhou, where I was staying, to Shanghai.
The most practical option was by train, which was how I ended up aboard the CRH380A bullet train at Hangzhou Station.
I had booked a premium seat, only to discover that it was the train’s first day of operation and there were camera crews and journalists hovering around.
Settling in, I noticed a neatly-placed power socket as well as a sheaf of glossy magazines stuffed in the seatback pocket in front of me.
I pulled out one of the magazines at random. The cover revealed an alluring image of Italian movie star Monica Belluci baring a naked shoulder.
Mmm ... clearly, this was not going to be your average train ride.
Completed in just 20 months, the 202km high-speed rail line links the ancient imperial capital (currently China’s premier tourism destination) with the bustling cacophony of Shanghai – made all the more raucous, at the time, by the soon-to-be-closed World Expo.
I was travelling with an artist friend who had studied at the prestigious China Academy of Art, located on the banks of the West Lake in Hangzhou, back in the early 80s.
As a Shanghainese, he remembers, in those days, the same journey took six hours. That morning on the bullet train, we were promised a 45-minute journey.
My friend added that there were slower and less expensive options – the slowest of which took 78 minutes.
As the train pulled out of Hangzhou, I leaned back in my reclining seat, keeping an eagle eye on the speedometer located just above the carriage-doorway.
The acceleration was slow and steady. We quickly reached 150kph, by which stage the scene outside appeared to be passing only moderately swiftly.
However, as the train started touching 250 kph, most of the action appeared to be inside the carriage, as various passengers leapt up to have their photos taken beneath the flickering speedometer.
At 350kph, there was a small line of people waiting to have their photos taken. We were, after all, on the world’s fastest bullet train – yes, way faster than Japan’s Shinkansen.
Glancing outside once again at the suburban sprawl, I marvelled at technology.
Here I was, travelling so fast, and yet it was almost impossible to feel or discern the speed at which I was moving within the hermetically sealed train.
Forty-five minutes after we departed from Hangzhou, we pulled into Hongqiao Station in Shanghai – alongside the domestic airport of the same name.
Recently rebuilt, Hongqiao Station was another colossal structure of marble, glass and steel.
Vast, soaring and cathedral-like, it provided an overwhelming conclusion to our extraordinarily swift rail trip.
China’s fast emerging network of bullet trains is a reflection of the country’s remarkable transformation.
The moniker “Made In China” no longer evokes a sense of inferiority; Chinese technology continues to evolve and improve.
Furthermore the growing technological prowess is built on strong historical and cultural foundations; institutions that have survived and prospered since the Cultural Revolution’s depredations.
Hangzhou encapsulates these forces.
The city combines Southern Song Dynasty era marvels along with trading and manufacturing expertise. On the one hand there are the quintessential Chinese tourist sites – the West Lake, the pagodas and the teahouses – while on the other are vast industrial estates contributing to a GDP that has trebled in the past decade to reach over 520 billion renmenbi (RM243bil).
A culture of scholarship, learning and the arts – embodied in the startlingly lavish China Academy of Arts’ campus – provides a firm foundation for innovation as traditions are both honoured and updated.
Indeed, China’s rise is made all the more complex and indeed resilient because the Middle Kingdom is both increasingly modern and rooted.
The level of self-confidence is drawn from history, culture and contemporary commercial might.
But, as China progresses economically and “spiritually” – with the emphasis on culture and talent, a few questions remain. Can the ruling Communist Party hold off the call for greater civil liberties?
Is prosperity alone enough to satisfy the people? What does the recent furore over the Nobel Peace Prize tells us about China’s current leaders’ state of mind of?
However for the smaller nations of South-East Asia, the challenge is more profound. Indeed the future can look quite harrowing. Where do we fit in?
What is our role vis-a-vis the behemoth that is modern China? Are we going to be little more than a modern tributary state?
Nation’s developing network of bullet trains is a reflection of the country’s remarkable transformation and the growing technological prowess built on strong historical and cultural foundations.
I WAS in China a few weeks ago. As it happened, I needed to travel from Hangzhou, where I was staying, to Shanghai.
The most practical option was by train, which was how I ended up aboard the CRH380A bullet train at Hangzhou Station.
I had booked a premium seat, only to discover that it was the train’s first day of operation and there were camera crews and journalists hovering around.
Settling in, I noticed a neatly-placed power socket as well as a sheaf of glossy magazines stuffed in the seatback pocket in front of me.
I pulled out one of the magazines at random. The cover revealed an alluring image of Italian movie star Monica Belluci baring a naked shoulder.
Mmm ... clearly, this was not going to be your average train ride.
Completed in just 20 months, the 202km high-speed rail line links the ancient imperial capital (currently China’s premier tourism destination) with the bustling cacophony of Shanghai – made all the more raucous, at the time, by the soon-to-be-closed World Expo.
I was travelling with an artist friend who had studied at the prestigious China Academy of Art, located on the banks of the West Lake in Hangzhou, back in the early 80s.
As a Shanghainese, he remembers, in those days, the same journey took six hours. That morning on the bullet train, we were promised a 45-minute journey.
My friend added that there were slower and less expensive options – the slowest of which took 78 minutes.
As the train pulled out of Hangzhou, I leaned back in my reclining seat, keeping an eagle eye on the speedometer located just above the carriage-doorway.
The acceleration was slow and steady. We quickly reached 150kph, by which stage the scene outside appeared to be passing only moderately swiftly.
However, as the train started touching 250 kph, most of the action appeared to be inside the carriage, as various passengers leapt up to have their photos taken beneath the flickering speedometer.
At 350kph, there was a small line of people waiting to have their photos taken. We were, after all, on the world’s fastest bullet train – yes, way faster than Japan’s Shinkansen.
Glancing outside once again at the suburban sprawl, I marvelled at technology.
Here I was, travelling so fast, and yet it was almost impossible to feel or discern the speed at which I was moving within the hermetically sealed train.
Forty-five minutes after we departed from Hangzhou, we pulled into Hongqiao Station in Shanghai – alongside the domestic airport of the same name.
Recently rebuilt, Hongqiao Station was another colossal structure of marble, glass and steel.
Vast, soaring and cathedral-like, it provided an overwhelming conclusion to our extraordinarily swift rail trip.
China’s fast emerging network of bullet trains is a reflection of the country’s remarkable transformation.
The moniker “Made In China” no longer evokes a sense of inferiority; Chinese technology continues to evolve and improve.
Furthermore the growing technological prowess is built on strong historical and cultural foundations; institutions that have survived and prospered since the Cultural Revolution’s depredations.
Hangzhou encapsulates these forces.
The city combines Southern Song Dynasty era marvels along with trading and manufacturing expertise. On the one hand there are the quintessential Chinese tourist sites – the West Lake, the pagodas and the teahouses – while on the other are vast industrial estates contributing to a GDP that has trebled in the past decade to reach over 520 billion renmenbi (RM243bil).
A culture of scholarship, learning and the arts – embodied in the startlingly lavish China Academy of Arts’ campus – provides a firm foundation for innovation as traditions are both honoured and updated.
Indeed, China’s rise is made all the more complex and indeed resilient because the Middle Kingdom is both increasingly modern and rooted.
The level of self-confidence is drawn from history, culture and contemporary commercial might.
But, as China progresses economically and “spiritually” – with the emphasis on culture and talent, a few questions remain. Can the ruling Communist Party hold off the call for greater civil liberties?
Is prosperity alone enough to satisfy the people? What does the recent furore over the Nobel Peace Prize tells us about China’s current leaders’ state of mind of?
However for the smaller nations of South-East Asia, the challenge is more profound. Indeed the future can look quite harrowing. Where do we fit in?
What is our role vis-a-vis the behemoth that is modern China? Are we going to be little more than a modern tributary state?
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